feat(tables): support plain predicates in v2 queries

apps/sim/app/api/table/[tableId]/query/route.test.ts

@@ -137,6 +137,19 @@ describe('POST /api/table/[tableId]/query', () => {
     expect(options.withExecutions).toBe(false)
   })
 
+  it('accepts a root condition and executes its canonical all group', async () => {
+    authAs('internal_jwt')
+    const res = await callQuery({
+      workspaceId: 'workspace-1',
+      predicate: { field: 'name', op: 'eq', value: 'John' },
+    })
+
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200)
+    expect(mockQueryRows.mock.calls[0][1].predicate).toEqual({
+      all: [{ field: 'col_aaa', op: 'eq', value: 'John' }],
+    })
+  })
+
   it('rejects a keyset cursor combined with a custom sort', async () => {
     authAs('internal_jwt')
     const cursor = encodeCursor({

apps/sim/app/api/v2/tables/[tableId]/query/route.test.ts

@@ -141,6 +141,18 @@ describe('POST /api/v2/tables/[tableId]/query', () => {
     })
   })
 
+  it('accepts a root condition and executes its canonical all group', async () => {
+    const res = await callQuery({
+      workspaceId: 'workspace-1',
+      predicate: { field: 'status', op: 'eq', value: 'active' },
+    })
+
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200)
+    expect(mockQueryRows.mock.calls[0][1].predicate).toEqual({
+      all: [{ field: 'col_status', op: 'eq', value: 'active' }],
+    })
+  })
+
   it('applies the bounded default limit when omitted', async () => {
     await callQuery({ workspaceId: 'workspace-1' })
     expect(mockQueryRows.mock.calls[0][1].limit).toBe(100)

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/table_v2.test.ts

@@ -65,6 +65,15 @@ describe('table_v2 query_rows transformer', () => {
     })
     expect(out.filter).toEqual({ all: [{ field: 'name', op: 'eq', value: 'test' }] })
   })
+
+  it('normalizes a plain editor condition into the canonical predicate group', () => {
+    const out = params({
+      operation: 'query_rows',
+      tableId: 't',
+      filterInput: '{"field":"name","op":"eq","value":"test"}',
+    })
+    expect(out.filter).toEqual({ all: [{ field: 'name', op: 'eq', value: 'test' }] })
+  })
 })
 
 describe('table_v2 bulk transformers', () => {
@@ -90,6 +99,19 @@ describe('table_v2 bulk transformers', () => {
     expect(out.limit).toBeUndefined()
     expect(out.filter).toEqual({ all: [{ field: 'name', op: 'eq', value: 'x' }] })
   })
+
+  it.each(['update_rows_by_filter', 'delete_rows_by_filter'])(
+    'normalizes a plain editor condition for %s',
+    (operation) => {
+      const out = params({
+        operation,
+        tableId: 't',
+        filterInput: '{"field":"name","op":"eq","value":"x"}',
+        ...(operation === 'update_rows_by_filter' ? { data: '{"active":false}' } : {}),
+      })
+      expect(out.filter).toEqual({ all: [{ field: 'name', op: 'eq', value: 'x' }] })
+    }
+  )
 })
 
 /**
@@ -116,4 +138,10 @@ describe('table_v2 blank and malformed editor inputs', () => {
     expect(() => params({ ...base, filterInput: '{not json}' })).toThrow(/Invalid JSON in Filter/)
     expect(() => params({ ...base, sortInput: '{not json}' })).toThrow(/Invalid JSON in Sort/)
   })
+
+  it('fails fast on a legacy or malformed filter object', () => {
+    expect(() => params({ ...base, filterInput: '{"status":"active"}' })).toThrow(
+      /group.*condition/i
+    )
+  })
 })

apps/sim/blocks/blocks/table_v2.ts

@@ -2,15 +2,23 @@ import { toError } from '@sim/utils/errors'
 import { TableIcon } from '@/components/icons'
 import { TABLE_LIMITS } from '@/lib/table/constants'
 import { filterRulesToPredicate, sortRulesToSortSpec } from '@/lib/table/query-builder/converters'
-import type { FilterRule, SortRule, SortSpec, TablePredicate } from '@/lib/table/types'
+import { normalizeTablePredicate } from '@/lib/table/query-builder/predicate'
+import { validatePredicateShape } from '@/lib/table/query-builder/validate'
+import type {
+  FilterRule,
+  SortRule,
+  SortSpec,
+  TablePredicate,
+  TablePredicateInput,
+} from '@/lib/table/types'
 import type { BlockConfig } from '@/blocks/types'
 import type { TableQueryV2Response } from '@/tools/table/types'
 import { getTrigger } from '@/triggers'
 
 /**
  * Table v2 — same operations as the v1 Table block, but the filter grammar is a
- * typed predicate tree (`{all:[{field:'wins',op:'gte',value:10}]}`), validated
- * server-side. Pagination is an opaque cursor (no offset). The filter compiler,
+ * typed predicate (`{field:'wins',op:'gte',value:10}`), with `all`/`any` groups
+ * for compound conditions, validated server-side. Pagination is an opaque cursor (no offset). The filter compiler,
  * upsert conflict probe, and unique checks share one case-sensitive containment
  * leaf, so upserts can't wedge on a case-mismatched unique value the way they
  * could under v1.
@@ -64,7 +72,10 @@ function resolveFilter(params: TableBlockParams): TablePredicate | undefined {
     return raw.length > 0 ? (filterRulesToPredicate(raw as FilterRule[]) ?? undefined) : undefined
   }
   const parsed = parseJSON(raw, 'Filter')
-  return (parsed as TablePredicate | undefined) || undefined
+  if (parsed === undefined) return undefined
+  const predicate = parsed as TablePredicateInput
+  validatePredicateShape(predicate)
+  return normalizeTablePredicate(predicate)
 }
 
 function resolveOrder(params: TableBlockParams): SortSpec | undefined {
@@ -178,16 +189,16 @@ export const TableV2Block: BlockConfig<TableQueryV2Response> = {
   description: 'User-defined data tables',
   longDescription:
     'Create and manage custom data tables. Store, query, and manipulate structured data within workflows. ' +
-    'Query Rows filters with a predicate tree — `{"all":[{"field":"wins","op":"gte","value":10}]}` ' +
-    '(`all` = AND, `any` = OR; groups nest). Operators: eq, ne, gt, gte, lt, lte, in, nin, like, ilike, ' +
+    'Query Rows accepts a plain predicate — `{"field":"wins","op":"gte","value":10}` — for one condition. ' +
+    'Use `all` (AND) or `any` (OR) groups for multiple or nested conditions. Operators: eq, ne, gt, gte, lt, lte, in, nin, like, ilike, ' +
     'nlike, nilike, contains, startsWith, endsWith, isNull, isNotNull, isEmpty, isNotEmpty. Order is a sort ' +
     'spec `[{"field":"wins","direction":"desc"}]`. Query Rows returns every matching row when Limit is omitted ' +
     '(fails if the result exceeds 5MB — add a filter or a Limit). With a Limit, responses page: a non-null ' +
     'nextCursor means more rows exist — pass it back as the cursor.',
   bestPractices: `
-- To fetch specific rows, use Query Rows with a predicate filter (e.g. {"all":[{"field":"slack_user_id","op":"in","value":["U1","U2"]}]}) — do NOT read every row and filter downstream with a Condition block.
+- To fetch specific rows, use Query Rows with a predicate filter (e.g. {"field":"slack_user_id","op":"in","value":["U1","U2"]}) — do NOT read every row and filter downstream with a Condition block.
 - Use "Get Row by ID" only when you have the row's id; otherwise filter with a predicate.
-- A group is {"all":[...]} (AND) or {"any":[...]} (OR); nest groups as members for mixed logic.
+- A single condition can be plain. For multiple conditions, use {"all":[...]} (AND) or {"any":[...]} (OR); nest groups as members for mixed logic.
 - Example: players who won ≥10 and are active → {"all":[{"field":"wins","op":"gte","value":10},{"field":"status","op":"eq","value":"active"}]}.
 - like/ilike use * as the wildcard (e.g. {"field":"name","op":"ilike","value":"*jo*"}).
 - Omit Limit to get the entire matching result in one response — the query fails with a clear error if it exceeds 5MB (narrow with a filter or set a Limit).
@@ -354,7 +365,7 @@ Return ONLY the rows array:`,
       type: 'code',
       canonicalParamId: 'filterInput',
       mode: 'advanced',
-      placeholder: '{"all":[{"field":"wins","op":"gte","value":10}]}',
+      placeholder: '{"field":"wins","op":"gte","value":10}',
       condition: {
         field: 'operation',
         value: ['query_rows', 'update_rows_by_filter', 'delete_rows_by_filter'],
@@ -370,16 +381,16 @@ Return ONLY the rows array:`,
 ### INSTRUCTION
 Return ONLY the JSON object. No explanations, surrounding quotes, or markdown.
 
-A predicate is a tree: {"all":[...]} (AND) or {"any":[...]} (OR); members are leaves {"field","op","value"} or nested groups.
+A single condition is a plain predicate {"field","op","value"}. Use {"all":[...]} (AND) or {"any":[...]} (OR) for multiple conditions; group members may be conditions or nested groups.
 
 ### OPERATORS
 eq, ne, gt, gte, lt, lte, in, nin (in/nin take an array value), like, ilike (use * as the wildcard), nlike, nilike, contains, startsWith, endsWith, isNull, isNotNull, isEmpty, isNotEmpty.
 
 ### EXAMPLES
-"status is active" → {"all":[{"field":"status","op":"eq","value":"active"}]}
+"status is active" → {"field":"status","op":"eq","value":"active"}
 "wins at least 10 and active" → {"all":[{"field":"wins","op":"gte","value":10},{"field":"active","op":"eq","value":true}]}
 "status active or pending" → {"any":[{"field":"status","op":"eq","value":"active"},{"field":"status","op":"eq","value":"pending"}]}
-"name contains jo (any case)" → {"all":[{"field":"name","op":"ilike","value":"*jo*"}]}
+"name contains jo (any case)" → {"field":"name","op":"ilike","value":"*jo*"}
 
 Return ONLY the JSON object:`,
         generationType: 'table-schema',
@@ -475,7 +486,7 @@ Return ONLY the JSON object:`,
     filterInput: {
       type: 'json',
       description:
-        'Filter — a predicate object {"all":[{"field":"wins","op":"gte","value":10}]} (or visual builder conditions). Used by query and bulk update/delete.',
+        'Filter — a predicate object {"field":"wins","op":"gte","value":10}; use all/any groups for multiple conditions (or use visual builder conditions). Used by query and bulk update/delete.',
     },
     sortInput: {
       type: 'json',

apps/sim/lib/api/contracts/tables-predicate.test.ts

@@ -8,14 +8,27 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import {
   deleteTableRowsBodySchema,
+  predicateInputSchema,
   predicateSchema,
   rowQueryBodySchema,
   tableRowsQuerySchema,
+  tableViewConfigSchema,
   updateRowsByFilterBodySchema,
 } from '@/lib/api/contracts/tables'
 import { validatePredicate } from '@/lib/table/query-builder/validate'
 
 describe('rowQueryBodySchema', () => {
+  it('accepts a root condition and normalizes it to the canonical all group', () => {
+    const parsed = rowQueryBodySchema.parse({
+      workspaceId: 'ws-1',
+      predicate: { field: 'status', op: 'eq', value: 'active' },
+    })
+
+    expect(parsed.predicate).toEqual({
+      all: [{ field: 'status', op: 'eq', value: 'active' }],
+    })
+  })
+
   it('accepts a predicate/sort object, leaves limit unbounded, has no offset', () => {
     const parsed = rowQueryBodySchema.parse({
       workspaceId: 'ws-1',
@@ -78,6 +91,16 @@ describe('rowQueryBodySchema', () => {
   })
 })
 
+describe('tableViewConfigSchema', () => {
+  it('normalizes a root condition before it is persisted', () => {
+    expect(
+      tableViewConfigSchema.parse({
+        filter: { field: 'status', op: 'eq', value: 'active' },
+      }).filter
+    ).toEqual({ all: [{ field: 'status', op: 'eq', value: 'active' }] })
+  })
+})
+
 describe('bulk schemas accept either a predicate tree or the legacy filter object', () => {
   it('delete accepts a predicate filter', () => {
     expect(
@@ -95,6 +118,15 @@ describe('bulk schemas accept either a predicate tree or the legacy filter objec
     ).toBe(true)
   })
 
+  it('does not reinterpret a legacy object with field/op/value columns as a root predicate', () => {
+    const filter = { field: 'status', op: 'eq', value: 'active' }
+    const parsed = deleteTableRowsBodySchema.parse({ workspaceId: 'ws-1', filter })
+
+    expect(parsed.filter).toEqual(filter)
+    expect(predicateSchema.safeParse(filter).success).toBe(false)
+    expect(predicateInputSchema.parse(filter)).toEqual({ all: [filter] })
+  })
+
   it('update accepts a predicate filter', () => {
     expect(
       updateRowsByFilterBodySchema.safeParse({

apps/sim/lib/api/contracts/tables.ts

@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ import {
   TABLE_LIMITS,
 } from '@/lib/table/constants'
 import { CSV_MAX_FILE_SIZE_BYTES } from '@/lib/table/import'
+import {
+  getTablePredicateTreeSizeError,
+  MAX_PREDICATE_GROUP_SIZE,
+  normalizeTablePredicate,
+} from '@/lib/table/query-builder/predicate'
 
 export const domainObjectSchema = <T>() => z.custom<T>(isRecordLike)
 
@@ -421,45 +426,8 @@ const filterSchema = domainObjectSchema<Filter>()
  */
 export const TABLE_QUERY_MAX_BODY_BYTES = 1024 * 1024
 
-/** Max members in one `all`/`any` group — a generous bound against pathological trees. */
-const MAX_PREDICATE_GROUP_SIZE = 100
 /** Max sort keys — more than a few is already a smell. */
 const MAX_SORT_KEYS = 16
-/** Max nesting levels of `all`/`any` groups. Ten is already unreadable. */
-const MAX_PREDICATE_DEPTH = 10
-/** Max nodes in the whole tree, so a wide-but-shallow tree can't amplify either. */
-const MAX_PREDICATE_NODES = 500
-
-/**
- * Iterative depth/size walk over an unvalidated predicate tree. Runs BEFORE the
- * recursive Zod schema: a few thousand nested `{all:[...]}` levels overflow the
- * stack inside `safeParse`, and a `RangeError` from a parser is a 500, not a 400.
- * The walk itself must stay iterative for the same reason.
- */
-function predicateTreeTooLarge(root: unknown): string | null {
-  const stack: Array<{ node: unknown; depth: number }> = [{ node: root, depth: 1 }]
-  let nodes = 0
-
-  while (stack.length > 0) {
-    const { node, depth } = stack.pop()!
-    if (++nodes > MAX_PREDICATE_NODES) {
-      return `Filter has too many conditions (max ${MAX_PREDICATE_NODES})`
-    }
-    if (depth > MAX_PREDICATE_DEPTH) {
-      return `Filter nesting is too deep (max ${MAX_PREDICATE_DEPTH} levels)`
-    }
-    if (typeof node !== 'object' || node === null) continue
-    const group = node as { all?: unknown; any?: unknown }
-    const members = Array.isArray(group.all)
-      ? group.all
-      : Array.isArray(group.any)
-        ? group.any
-        : null
-    if (!members) continue
-    for (const member of members) stack.push({ node: member, depth: depth + 1 })
-  }
-  return null
-}
 
 /**
  * v2 filter wire format: the typed `{ all | any: [...] }` predicate tree (same
@@ -510,22 +478,31 @@ const predicateTreeSchema: z.ZodType<TablePredicate> = z.lazy(() =>
 )
 const predicateGroupSchema = predicateTreeSchema
 
+const predicateBoundarySchema = z.unknown().superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+  const problem = getTablePredicateTreeSizeError(value)
+  if (problem) ctx.addIssue({ code: 'custom', message: problem })
+})
+
 /**
- * The boundary predicate schema: depth/size guard first, then the recursive
- * structural parse. The guard is only applied at the top level — every nested
- * group is strictly shallower, so re-checking inside the recursion would be
- * redundant work on the hot path.
+ * The canonical grouped predicate schema for dual-grammar boundaries. Keeping
+ * its root group-only prevents a legacy filter with columns named `field`,
+ * `op`, and `value` from being reinterpreted as a v2 predicate.
  */
-export const predicateSchema = z
-  .unknown()
-  .superRefine((value, ctx) => {
-    const problem = predicateTreeTooLarge(value)
-    if (problem) ctx.addIssue({ code: 'custom', message: problem })
-  })
+export const predicateSchema = predicateBoundarySchema
   // double-cast-allowed: the pipe's inferred input is `unknown`, and letting TS
   // widen the recursive lazy union through it makes typecheck OOM
   .pipe(predicateTreeSchema) as unknown as z.ZodType<TablePredicate>
 
+/**
+ * The v2-only input schema accepts either a root leaf or a logical group and
+ * always outputs the canonical grouped shape. The depth/size guard runs before
+ * recursive parsing so pathological input returns a validation error, not a
+ * stack overflow.
+ */
+export const predicateInputSchema = predicateBoundarySchema
+  .pipe(predicateNodeSchema)
+  .transform(normalizeTablePredicate) as z.ZodType<TablePredicate, PredicateNode>
+
 /** v2 sort wire format: an ordered list of `{ field, direction }`. */
 export const sortSpecSchema: z.ZodType<SortSpec> = z
   .array(
@@ -871,7 +848,7 @@ export const listTableRowsContract = defineRouteContract({
  */
 export const rowQueryBodySchema = z.object({
   workspaceId: z.string().min(1, 'Workspace ID is required'),
-  predicate: predicateSchema.optional(),
+  predicate: predicateInputSchema.optional(),
   sort: sortSpecSchema.optional(),
   // Omitted limit returns the ENTIRE matching result, failing fast (400) when
   // it exceeds the response byte budget. An explicit limit caps the page row
@@ -1770,7 +1747,7 @@ export const tableViewConfigSchema = tableMetadataSchema.extend({
   // The v2 predicate/sort grammar — same wire as the query routes, so a saved
   // view gets the same strictness and depth bounds as a live filter, and its
   // config can later feed the v2 surfaces without conversion.
-  filter: predicateSchema.nullable().optional(),
+  filter: predicateInputSchema.nullable().optional(),
   sort: sortSpecSchema.nullable().optional(),
 }) satisfies z.ZodType<TableViewConfig>