diff --git a/packages/aws-durable-execution-sdk-python-testing/src/aws_durable_execution_sdk_python_testing/execution.py b/packages/aws-durable-execution-sdk-python-testing/src/aws_durable_execution_sdk_python_testing/execution.py
index da976f5b..a4f54b53 100644
--- a/packages/aws-durable-execution-sdk-python-testing/src/aws_durable_execution_sdk_python_testing/execution.py
+++ b/packages/aws-durable-execution-sdk-python-testing/src/aws_durable_execution_sdk_python_testing/execution.py
@@ -344,9 +344,21 @@ def get_navigable_operations(self) -> list[Operation]:
             return list(self.operations)
 
     def get_assertable_operations(self) -> list[Operation]:
-        """Get list of operations, but exclude the EXECUTION operations"""
-        # TODO: this excludes EXECUTION at start, but can there be an EXECUTION at the end if there was a checkpoint with large payload?
-        return self.operations[1:]
+        """Return a snapshot of operations, excluding EXECUTION operations.
+
+        Filters by ``operation_type`` rather than assuming the EXECUTION
+        operation is always the first entry, so a second EXECUTION-type
+        entry (e.g. a future large-payload checkpoint recorded at the end
+        of the list) is excluded too. Snapshot taken under ``_state_lock``,
+        matching ``get_navigable_operations``, so a concurrent checkpoint
+        can't produce a torn read.
+        """
+        with self._state_lock:
+            return [
+                operation
+                for operation in self.operations
+                if operation.operation_type != OperationType.EXECUTION
+            ]
 
     def has_pending_operations(self, execution: Execution) -> bool:
         """True if execution has pending operations."""
diff --git a/packages/aws-durable-execution-sdk-python-testing/tests/execution_test.py b/packages/aws-durable-execution-sdk-python-testing/tests/execution_test.py
index bbb2d0d1..7002d799 100644
--- a/packages/aws-durable-execution-sdk-python-testing/tests/execution_test.py
+++ b/packages/aws-durable-execution-sdk-python-testing/tests/execution_test.py
@@ -232,6 +232,80 @@ def test_get_assertable_operations():
     assert result[0] == step_op
 
 
+def test_get_assertable_operations_excludes_trailing_execution_operation():
+    """A second EXECUTION-type entry at the end of the list (e.g. a future
+    large-payload checkpoint) must be excluded too, not just the one at
+    index 0."""
+    start_input = StartDurableExecutionInput(
+        account_id="123456789012",
+        function_name="test-function",
+        function_qualifier="$LATEST",
+        execution_name="test-execution",
+        execution_timeout_seconds=300,
+        execution_retention_period_days=7,
+        invocation_id="test-invocation-id",
+    )
+    execution_op = Operation(
+        operation_id="exec-op",
+        parent_id=None,
+        name="execution",
+        start_timestamp=datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+        operation_type=OperationType.EXECUTION,
+        status=OperationStatus.STARTED,
+    )
+    step_op = Operation(
+        operation_id="step-op",
+        parent_id=None,
+        name="step",
+        start_timestamp=datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+        operation_type=OperationType.STEP,
+        status=OperationStatus.STARTED,
+    )
+    trailing_execution_op = Operation(
+        operation_id="exec-op-end",
+        parent_id=None,
+        name="execution",
+        start_timestamp=datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+        operation_type=OperationType.EXECUTION,
+        status=OperationStatus.SUCCEEDED,
+    )
+    operations = [execution_op, step_op, trailing_execution_op]
+    execution = Execution("test-arn", start_input, operations)
+
+    result = execution.get_assertable_operations()
+
+    assert result == [step_op]
+
+
+def test_get_assertable_operations_returns_independent_snapshot():
+    """The returned list must not alias `self.operations`, so later
+    mutation of the execution's operations doesn't retroactively change
+    a snapshot a caller already holds."""
+    start_input = StartDurableExecutionInput(
+        account_id="123456789012",
+        function_name="test-function",
+        function_qualifier="$LATEST",
+        execution_name="test-execution",
+        execution_timeout_seconds=300,
+        execution_retention_period_days=7,
+        invocation_id="test-invocation-id",
+    )
+    execution_op = Operation(
+        operation_id="exec-op",
+        parent_id=None,
+        name="execution",
+        start_timestamp=datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+        operation_type=OperationType.EXECUTION,
+        status=OperationStatus.STARTED,
+    )
+    execution = Execution("test-arn", start_input, [execution_op])
+
+    result = execution.get_assertable_operations()
+    execution.operations.append(execution_op)
+
+    assert result == []
+
+
 def test_has_pending_operations_with_pending_step():
     """Test has_pending_operations returns True for pending STEP operations."""
     start_input = StartDurableExecutionInput(